Japan and India have signed a free-trade agreement that will see tariffs on 94% of goods scrapped within a decade.
It will focus on the textile, drug, auto and services sectors, and comes as trade between the two is sliding.
Bilateral trade fell 23% to $10bn (£6.2bn) in 2009, the
Japan External Trade Organization said.
In a separate report, the World Trade Organization said more open markets will help boost Japan's growth.
The agreement does not cover Japanese farm products such as rice, wheat and dairy items, which are considered too sensitive for tariff elimination.
On Monday, Japan was overtaken by China as the world's second-largest economy and it is keen to boost trade to help offset sluggish domestic demand.
India on the other hand is one of the world's fastest-growing economies and is looking for new markets for its companies' products.
Japan's Foreign Minister Seiji Maehara and India's Commerce Minister Anand Sharma inked the trade deal in Tokyo.
According to the World Trade Organization while Japan's governments have taken steps to boost economic growth, they need to do more where trade is concerned.
"While looser macroeconomic policies have helped Japan's economy to recover from the global financial crisis, they do not address its long-standing structural problems," the WTO said in trade policy review of Japan.
